FEATURE:
Kate Bush: Them Heavy People: The Extraordinary Characters in Her Songs
IN THIS PHOTO: Kate Bush in Glasgow in October 1980 signing copies of her album, Never for Ever/PHOTO CREDIT: Trinity Mirror/Mirrorpix
Paganini (Violin)/Old Lady (Jig of Life)
__________
BOTH of these Kate Bush songs…
IN THIS PHOTO: Kate Bush in 1985/PHOTO CREDIT: Guido Harari
connect her to family and her early life. The first track offers a few characters up, but I am discarding Nero and Old Nicky. The second provides me an anonymous character, but it does provoke some discussion points. I am not going to be interrogating Your Little Girl and Your Little Boy. I will focus on a character that is mentioned right at the start of the song, and it is one that refers to Kate Bush herself. I think. I have always been fascinated. The second song I am featuring takes me to Ireland and Bush’s connection to the country. It is Jig of Life. A song infused with Irish instruments and players. Appearing at a pivotal point of Hounds of Love’s The Ninth Wave, there are subjects and angles to explore. I want to take things back five years earlier. On 1980’s Never for Ever, there is an underrated jewel called Violin. Paganini is the first character. I am not sure who the ‘Old Nicky’ is on the song. Nero could provoke some intriguing paths. However, Paganini is the character I am spotlighting. I know he is a real person, but he is depicted as a character in Violin. For a fan newsletter in September 1980, Bush did say this about the song: “‘Violin’ is for all the mad fiddlers from ‘Paganini’ to ‘Old Nick’ himself”. I am fascinated by the lyrics in the song. The verse where Paganini is mentioned: “Paganini up on the chimney/Lord of the dance/With Nero and old Nicky
Whack that devil/Into my fiddlestick!/Give me the Banshees for B.V.s/Give me the Banshees for B.V.s”. Although Kevin Burke played violin on the studio version of Violin, I wonder whether Kate Bush ever considered it. This is an instrument that she was supposed to learn at school. Never really enjoying the experience. I took music at high school, but we never got taught how to play instruments. A lot of it was about theory and writing our own songs. I can’t remember ever being expected to play an instrument.
What strikes me is the way Kate Bush bonded with the piano but not the violin. I guess the sound of the latter was jarring compared to the beauty and grace of the piano. The violin is more extreme and less poetic in a way. It might be easier to play, though I wonder how far Kate Bush got with her practice. I think the violin was something she was instantly proficient at, yet it never provided satisfaction. That screech and sense of anguish. There is some psychological insight from this song. A slight terror instilled in her: “Filling me up with the shivers/Filling me up with the shivers and quivers”. Then this: “Get the bow going!/Let it scream to me:/Violin! Violin! Violin!/Get the bow going!/Let it scream to me:/Violin! Violin! Violin!”. Are those words about an unappealing sound the instrument makes, or is there a raw power and energy that appeals to her? One cannot say Bush was averse to the violin. She was a Horror fan, and she admired the work of Alfred Hitchock. She also would have bonded to some of the best scores. How crucial the violin was in eliciting suspense and terror. The violin would make its way into her albums. Paddy Bush played violins on Hounds of Love’s closing track, The Morning Fog. Although Kate Bush played multiple instruments through her career, she was happier to include the violin as part of the palette, rather than play it herself. Nigel Kennedy played violin on The Sensual World’s The Fog. He appeared on The Red Shoes and played on Top of the City and Big Stripey Lie. I wonder why those particular albums required violin and not others. I can appreciate why it did not appear on her first two, 1978’s The Kick Inside and Lionheart, and why it was not used more on Never for Ever. It would have been great for it to come into Aerial. Though there are strings on that album, so the violin would have been included. What we get from Violin is a kinship. Not one of love and ease. The anxieties and difficulties associated with learning the violin. How unforgiving it can be. I will come to Paganini and some facts about him. It is obviously Bush knew the instrument was an important and effective conveyer of tones and emotions required. It was not something she wanted to use too much.
I am coming to Dreams of Orgonon, as they are so useful and informative when it comes to insights about Kate Bush’s songs. In terms of her relationship with the violin at school: “Bush’s chief enemy at St. Joseph’s was the violin. Unlike the piano, she didn’t discover it at home and learn to enjoy playing it for its own sake. She encountered it in (horrors) lessons. Everyone knows that the sound of a violin in the hands of an inexperienced player isn’t quite the same as the sound a piano or guitar makes with a new student. It’s not hard imagine this infuriating eternal perfectionist Bush”. In paying tribute to a mad old fiddler – that sounds wrong written down, but you know what I mean! -, she takes her voice to new places. In terms of how she was perceived by the press in 1980, Bush was still seen as this immature or child-like singer. Stereotyped as squeaky and high-pitched. Not Punk or New Wave. Violin arguably sees her pioneer Folk-Punk. A meeting of the anger and urgency of Punk, but married to lyrics that are more indebted to Folk. Few people talk about Bush’s voice as an instrument. She almost imitates the violin at stages. Violin provided that Bush could match the most revered Punk singer when it came to using her voice as this powerful weapon:
“Bush sounds positively deranged in the song, taking the human voice as an instrument to its zenith as she zips between the highs and lows of her vocal range (she hits her highest note on record here, an astonishing F6, with characteristic literalness as she whoops the note on “filling me up with,” which she immediately follows with an extremely low G#3 at “the shivers”). Her vocal is a roller coaster, slightly holding back over the “four strings,” becoming slightly giddier over “the quavers, drunk at the BARS” (deliciously emphasizing the violin pun and metaphor of the violin as intoxicating) and moving “out of the realm of the orchestra.” In the chorus Bush completely lets herself go, gutturally howling “get the bow going/let it SCREAM to me” in her most punk moment ever, a massive departure from her previous singing. Is it any wonder John Lydon is a Kate Bush fan when she does songs like “Violin,” with vocals closer to Never Mind the Bollocks than Pink Floyd’s Animals?”.
Kate Bush is playing a character herself. A version of herself. There is that reluctance to embrace An instrument hard to play. Yet there is a playfulness and eccentricity that is so exciting to inspect and interrogate. I will end this section by looking at the language and lyrics. Though this section fo the Dreams of Orgonon article is worth spotlighting:
“Some listeners might interpret the song as being enthusiastic about the violin—I wouldn’t read it that way. I think it’s about a person who’s had the violin imposed on them for far too long going over the edge. There’s an tinge of unreality to the song—it makes the violin a mystical object. Given the events leading up to the song’s creation, it’s unlikely Bush was feeling terribly positive about the violin while writing “Violin”. She isn’t one to push autobiography into her songwriting, but it’s hard not to read “Violin” as an expression of personal anxieties.
That’s not to say “Violin” is lacking in Bush’s trademark love of artifice and character acting. She clearly relishes singing these words, particularly as she namechecks violin players (“Paganini up the chimney/lord of the dance/with Nero and old Nicky/WHACK THAT DEVIL”). Her playful approach to language and music is as prevalent as ever. She’s anxious about the violin, but her character is far deeper into a violin obsession than she could ever have been. It’s a folk song about a hedonist in a chaotic spiral, which is always more interesting than the didactic ending of a folk tale where the hedonist is punished for their joy. Think “The Red Shoes” minus the unhappy ending.
So we have a song about a quasi-mystical addiction with undercurrents of school-resentment accompanied by howling vocals and a wailing electric guitar. Yes, this all feels a bit like The Wall but more creative and less misanthropic, but that’s not what we’re going to signify here. The aesthetic surprise is that “Violin” is that it’s Kate Bush inventing folk punk”.
IN THIS IMAGE: Niccolò Paganini/IMAGE CREDIT: Getty Images
Niccolò Paganini lived between 1782 and 1849. Part of The Golden Age, he sat alongside Jascha Heifetz, Fritz Kreisler, David Oistrakh, and Yehudi Menuhin. The final two born in the previous century. Paganini is often considered one of the greatest violinist ever. I think Bush identified with him because of his playing. More frantic and frenetic. We often think of the violin as mournful or romantic. It is a versatile and dexterous instrument that, in the right hands, can elicit dervishes and devilish colours. This article called Niccolò Paganini ‘The Devil’s Violinist’. That is a vivid image. I would love to see that as a painting! Bush was no stranger to bringing something darker into her music. Even by 1980. You can feel why Violin name-checked Paganini. His life and career arc would have fascinated her. Beyond the stuffier and more upper-class image of a trained violinist. Maybe an elitist or limited view. If Robert Johnson selling his soul to The Devil at a Mississippi crossroads is a myth, you do feel that Niccolò Paganini might actually have made a deal with The Devil:
“Niccolò Paganini earned the moniker "The Devil's Violinist" due to the astonishing prowess of his violin playing, which was often attributed to an otherworldly source, the devil himself. He was particularly known for performing recitals without sheet music, memorising everything instead, and could play up to 12 notes per second. People believed he had made a pact with the devil... how else could he play the violin like no one before?
The Devil's Violinist's fortunate beginnings
Born on October 27, 1782, in Genoa, Italy, Paganini was always destined to a gifted musical life. Taking up the violin at a really young age under his father’s influence, Paganini quickly became a child prodigy. His musical talents were recognized and praised, earning him scholarships and violin lessons with famous violinists such as Giovanni Servetto and Giacomo Costa. Following such prominent training, he made his first public appearance at 11. Aged 15, Paganini embarked on a tour of Italy, making a reputation for himself.
However, this premature independence took a turn for the worse as he suffered from a mental breakdown and started drinking and gambling excessively. Quickly overburdened with debts, his name became associated with his reputation as a gambler and a womanizer. Once, the struggling musician is even believed to have pawned his violin in order to settle his debts. To play a concert, he was then lent a Guarneri violin by a wealthy merchant, who eventually gave it to him after hearing him play”.
Violin was one of the last songs that started life as an early demo. Bush was recording more ‘new’ songs by Never for Ever. Though Violin was one that was adapted from a demo. After this album, there would be no looking into the archives. How Bush had this song written long before going into the studio. I do love so many of the lyrics on Violin. I forgot to mention that Paddy Bush plays the Banshee on Violin. “Four strings across the bridge/Ready to carry me over/Over the quavers, drunk in the bars/Out of the realm of the orchestra/Out of the realm of the orchestra”. These are words that open Violin. A song she performed live on her 1979 Christmas special to hugely memorable effect, it was also included in 1979’s The Tour of Life. People hearing this song on stage and T.V. before it was included on Never for Ever. The language and lyrics of this song make it one of her best earlier works. I have not heard many people talk about the song. I know Catherine Anne Davies is a fan of the song and loves how unhinged Bush’s voice sounds on it. It is hard writing a song about violin greats and how she sits alongside them. Bush is imposed into the song. The first reading – Bush hating the instrument and this being her striking out against out – might be wrong. Dreams of Orgonon had another theory. One that poses how “the singer has been driven mad by their violin playing. They’re an inverted Pied Piper or Erich Zann, leading themselves astray with their own music”. Such a wonderful angle for a song. I am not sure anyone in music before or since has written about the violin in this way. A song demoed in 1976 at 44 Wickham Road is an underrated highlight of Never for Ever. One critics never really loved. Alongside Egypt, it is seen as one of the lesser cuts on Never for Ever. I feel Violin is important, as we get to hear Kate Bush unleashed and this raw for the first time. She would exceed herself for The Dreaming’s Get Out of My House. Violin is this early glimpse into how wild she could be. Anyone who misogynistically attacked her and saw her as this squeaky--voiced singer was not excepting what Violin had to offer! In 2011, the film, Paganini’s Daemon: A Most Enduring Legend, was released. Although Kate Bush was keen to pay tribute to the virtuosic Niccolò Paganini, his darker side perhaps, ironically, meant he was connected to The Devil in another way. This article considered the real story behind Paganini’s genius: “The violinist’s fame slowly turned him into a heavy gambler, drinker and a serial womaniser. A rumour even spread that Paganini had murdered a woman, used her intestines as violin strings and imprisoned her soul within the instrument. Women’s screams were said to be heard from his violin when he performed on stage. One thing was for sure: Paganini’s skill on the violin was unparalleled. He was one of the first solo violinists to perform publicly without sheet music, choosing instead to memorise everything”.
IN THIS PHOTO: Kate Bush in a promotional photo for The Ninth Wave, which forms the second half of her 1985 album, Hounds of Love/PHOTO CREDIT: John Carder Bush
I am going to move to the second song. From Jig of Life, there is this character of the Old Lady. The lyrics at the start of the song are these: “Hello, old lady/I know your face well/I know it well”. The Ninth Wave is a protagonist swept into the sea from a ship. It is about her experiences on the water as she awaits rescue. By the time we get to Jig of Life, the woman has dreamt of sheep and how she yearns for home and her bed. She has wrestled with almost dying and being trapped under ice. Hallucinating and tussling with waves. The antepenultimate song on The Ninth Wave, Jig of Life then leads to Hello Earth. That is when we get a view from above at the water and storms coming in. The Morning Fog is the rescue of the woman. I think the whole suite is this great psychological drama. The terror of the ocean and what is underneath. Whether the woman dies in the water or is actually rescued. How there is this moment, around Under Ice, where she could have lost her life and everything after is a dying dream. I like to think that the woman is rescued. Jig of Life is the moment when she is roused back to life. I will talk about the Irish elements of the song. I forgot to say how the violinist on Violin, Kevin Burke, is an accomplished Irish musicians. He was at the forefront of Irish traditional and Celtic music, performing and recording with the groups The Bothy Band, Patrick Street, and the Celtic Fiddle Festival. Violin replaced with fiddles for this song. If the violin put fear into Bush and it is something she struggled to bond with, you cannot say she felt the same about fiddles and Irish instruments. Something that connected her with her mother’s lineage and home. John Sheahan plays fiddles on Jig of Life. Is Old Lady autobiographical? If this is Kate Bush in The Ninth Wave, fighting to stay float and alive, then this older version of herself compels some questions. It seems, then, that she was alive by this time. The vision of herself in the future willing her present self to keep going.
I will talk about why Jig of Life was such an important part of The Ninth Wave, why the Old Lady is this important and spiritual guide, and how her family plays a role in the song. I will, of course, discuss Ireland. When speaking with Richard Skinner in 1992, this is what Kate Bush says about Jig of Life:
“At this point in the story, it’s the future self of this person coming to visit them to give them a bit of help here. I mean, it’s about time they have a bit of help. So it’s their future self saying, “look, don’t give up, you’ve got to stay alive, ’cause if you don’t stay alive, that means I don’t.” You know, “and I’m alive, I’ve had kids [laughs]. I’ve been through years and years of life, so you have to survive, you mustn’t give up.”
This was written in Ireland. At one point I did quite a lot of writing, you know, I mean lyrically, particularly. And again it was a tremendous sort of elemental dose I was getting, you know, all this beautiful countryside. Spending a lot of time outside and walking, so it had this tremendous sort of stimulus from the outside. And this was one of the tracks that the Irish musicians that we worked with was featured on.
There was a tune that my brother Paddy found which… he said “you’ve got to hear this, you’ll love it.” And he was right [laughs], he played it to me and I just thought, you know, “this would be fantastic somehow to incorporate here.”
Was just sort of, pull this person up out of despair”.
If the Old Lady is not a different character, more an older version of the heroine from The Ninth Wave, she appears at a crucial moment. Jig of Life is about staying alive. The sense of this spirit or ghost almost. On Watching You Without Me, which precedes Jig of Life, friends/family of the heroine are waiting for her to arrive. The sense that her spirit if in the room but her physical being isn’t. The following song brings in this almost ghostly visage of the woman’s future self. On Hello Earth, perhaps a spirit floating above the water and looking down. There is that blend of future life and possible death. The spirit of the woman now combined with her as an older woman.
What strikes me the hardest about Jig of Life is its energy. On a suite of songs that provides a mix of chills, terror and potential death, here is a song of survival and life. I think the fiddles give Jig of Life this rush of wind and weather. If the violin from the song of the same name elects this feverish and chaotic feel, there is this romance and vision of the Irish countryside from the fiddles. The instruments are the same thing, though they are played differently. They evoke separate colours and dynamics. I feel the violin is like a voice and character on that astonishing Never for Ever song. I get the sense the fiddles on Jig of Life evokes the spirit of Kate Bush’s mother, Hannah. Her blood and spirit coming through the instrument. The strings on the violin and fiddle give separate sounds. This interesting article explains some key differences: “That being said, classical violins will most often have synthetic strings, while Irish fiddles tend to opt for steel strings. There are several reasons for this. In order to compensate for the gentler volume of low action playing, you are likely to find steel core violin strings fitted in an Irish fiddle. Steel-core strings produce a bright and sharply focused tone, one that can cut through the mix when playing in an ensemble (or an overly loud music session). Classical violins with a higher action tend to use synthetic core violin strings which produce a rich, warm sound. Steel-core strings typically stay in tune for longer and can better endure the sometimes exuberant and energetic playing that fiddle playing requires”. I love how the instruments whip up this mood and magic. It is not only the instruments that rouse energy and summon this sense of clinging to life. I feel Kate Bush’s vocals on this song are superb. It is one of her greatest performances.
Her family is key on this song. Her brother John Carder Bush reads a poem in the song. He adopts an Irish accent. There are some truly evocative and incredibly memorable lines: “Can’t you see where memories are kept bright?/Tripping on the water like a laughing girl/Time in her eyes is spawning past life/One with the ocean and the woman unfurled/Holding all the love that waits for you here/Catch us now for I am your future/A kiss on the wind and we’ll make the land”. Paddy Bush plays didgeridoo. I think that her mother’s influence is heaviest. How Bush wrote Jig of Life in Ireland. Her mother was Irish. We speak about Kate Bush as being an English artist. She is half-Irish, and there was this Irish influence running through a few of her albums. Night of the Swallow from The Dreaming features Irish players and instruments. So too does The Sensual World from the 1989 album of the same name. Liam O’Flynn, Dónal Lunny and John Sheahan working beautifully together. Is Jig of Life her most ‘Irish’ song? There are those musicians. John Carder Bush and that Irish accent. Hannah Bush seems to be in there. The older woman looking at her younger self. I think Bush was thinking of her mother and channelling her. The hallucination on Jig of Life is the third occasion on The Ninth Wave. Each hallucination is something different. If previous ones were more devilish and scarier, this one is sanctuary. Less dark than those that came before, the woman’s older self appears. There are a couple of thought-provoking sections from Leah Kardos’s Hounds of Love book for the 33 1/3 series that comes to mind. When she says this: The starting point for ‘Jig of Life’ took inspiration from the ceremonial music of Anastenaria, a centuries-old ecstatic dance and fire-walking ritual performed during religious feasts in Greece and Bulgaria. The music, inspired by a rare recording that Paddy Bush had found and shared with his sister, is characterized by repetitious, deep rolling rhythms and whirling figures performed on violin and tsabouna (Greek bagpipes). I think of Jig of Life as a purely Irish song. There is this mixture of cultures and countries. Greece and Bulgaria. Such a rich and incredible combination.
There is another section of the book that sticks in my mind. Where Kardos write how “the mention of ‘the place where the crossroads meet’ evokes once again the image of Hecate, the goddess in Greek mythology who is often depicted flanked by two dogs and sometimes shown with a triple-formed face that sees the past, present and future simultaneously”. On the Hounds of Love cover, Kate Bush is joined by her two dogs, Bonnie and Clyde. A coincidence, but I do like this idea of Bush being like Hecate. That idea of the face seeing the past, present and future. We get that in Jig of Life. The Old Lady represents the future and past. How she was this child who now has children of her own. Speaking to the woman in the sea. The present. I am going to finish off soon. One of the highlights from Hounds of Love, Jig of Life is this stunning song. Many consider it to be quite dark and haunting. I see it as full of light and hope. Kate Bush brought Jig of Life to the stage in 2014 for Before the Dawn. I was not at those shows, so I am not sure how it was visualised. There was pure creativity when recording Hounds of Love. As Graeme Thomson writes in Under the Ivy: The Life and Music of Kate Bush, those who worked on the album felt there was this magic. Mystical, Bardic and Druidic, there was something truly special coming together. “Bush wanted to add another layer of rhythm to ‘Jig Of Life’, and handed Charlie Morgan an array of Irish percussive instruments – the lambeg, the bodhran – and asked him to fill all 24-tracks with the clacking, beating and booming. “Each verse a bit more of me came in, until we ended up with 24-tracks of me playing different drums”, says Morgan. “I came back from that thinking ‘What have I done today?.’ Just on cloud nine from being thrown the gauntlet and saying, ‘OK, we’re going to do something completely different here.’ I think Stuart (Elliott) and I did some of our best stuff we ever did with Kate, because there were no rules or barriers. It was pure creativity”. I will finish up here. From Niccolò Paganini among legendary violinists mentioned in a Never for Ever standout, to this Old Lady – an older version of Kate Bush/the heroine – on The Ninth Wave’s Jig of Life, it again shows the sheer breadth and wealth of Kate Bush’s imagination and brilliance. That is why I love this series…
SO much.
