FEATURE:
The Beatles’ Abbey Road at Fifty-Seven
that explores the iconic album cover of The Beatles’ final album, Abbey Road. It was released on 26th September, 1969. As it turns fifty-seven soon, rather than explore the songs, I did want to look at its cover. I feel it is the best album cover ever. Although Let It Be was released after Abbey Road, the latter was recorded last. Its cover has not been equalled in terms of how striking it is. So many people trying to replicate it. Before getting to that feature, below is a fascinating article published last year that underlines why Abbey Road was streets ahead of its time:
“Prior to September 26, 1969, most people in the world were blissfully unaware that Abbey Road was the location of EMI’s London recording studios. Some keen fans may have spotted the name in news reports of The Beatles’ activities, but this was a time when it was of little importance to most fans where something was recorded. Ironically, given the album’s title, not all of Abbey Road was recorded at Abbey Road, and, in truth, the title is as much about the street and the zebra crossing outside as it is about the studio itself.
But when all is said and done, the album is for many, including this writer, the absolute pinnacle of the band’s achievements. All this, despite having been recorded as the band was breaking up amid internal strife and bitterness.
Short-sighted reception
Abbey Road was The Beatles’ 11th studio album and the very last to be recorded (their 12th – and last-released – studio album, Let It Be, was mostly recorded prior to this record). Rolling Stone magazine called it “complicated instead of complex”, while Nik Cohn, writing in The New York Times, suggested that “individually” the songs are “nothing special”, The Guardian called the album “a slight matter”, and the Detroit Free Press suggested, “We expected inventiveness. We got a good LP.”
However, Chris Welch, writing in Melody Maker, felt just the opposite: “The truth is, their latest LP is just a natural born gas, entirely free of pretension, deep meanings or symbolism.” Similarly enthusiastic, The Record Mirror said that Abbey Road was “every bit as good as the last three” albums by the group. History, too, has been much kinder, with many now citing this as their favorite Beatles album.
What makes Abbey Road a masterpiece?
What is it that makes Abbey Road a masterpiece? Well, the breadth of the musical vision, the sheer scale of the band’s collective musical imagination, and the audacity of it all, at a time when The Beatles were coming to the end of their time together.
And then there are the two George Harrison masterpieces, “Here Comes the Sun” and “Something”; both rank alongside the best songs the band ever recorded. Of the former, uDiscover’s Martin Chilton, writing in the Daily Telegraph, says “it’s almost impossible not to sing along to” – and he’s right.
“Something” is sublime, the perfect love song, and John Lennon’s favorite track on the album. Often prior to performing it in concert, Frank Sinatra would describe it as “the greatest love song ever written” (while also erroneously saying it was his favorite “Lennon and McCartney composition”)
Side Two’s 15-minute “medley” begins with “You Never Give Me Your Money,” a Paul McCartney song. It transitions beautifully into “Sun King,” which was written by John and features John, Paul, and George’s impeccable harmonies. From there the medley runs into two more Lennon songs, “Mean Mr Mustard” and “Polythene Pam” (both written in India). Then it’s a quadruple shot from McCartney: “She Came In Through The Bathroom Window,” the beautiful “Golden Slumbers” and “Carry That Weight” (which includes elements from “You Never Give Me Your Money”), before the medley closes with “The End.”
Opinion is divided among some fans and critics about some of the remaining tracks. However, there is no disputing the power, no denying the magnificence, of two of John Lennon’s compositions. “Come Together” is one of the great opening tracks on any album. Likewise, “I Want You (She’s So Heavy)” just takes the band to a place they had never been before… towering.
The songs not entirely recorded at Abbey Road were “Something,” which features some overdubs recorded at Olympic Studios in Barnes, West London. For “I Want You (She’s So Heavy)” the band recorded the rhythm track in February 1969, at Trident Studios in Soho’s Wardour Street, where a composite of the song was then assembled. Work continued on the song until August (including a session on August 8, when the album’s cover shoot also took place), as recordings were added to the original Trident tape; the finished song, completed at Abbey Road, was another composite made from two versions of the song. Meanwhile, “You Never Give Me Your Money” was started at Olympic in May 1969, and then finished at Abbey Road over a number of sessions in July and August.
Abbey Road is far greater than the sum of its parts, a record that, more than any other Beatles album, stands the test of time when played as a whole. It is not an album to cherry-pick tracks on random play – this is one to put on, to luxuriate in “Come Together,” and to finish with a smile on your face as Paul sings about Her Majesty being “a pretty nice girl” on the closing, “hidden” track.
10 Things You Didn’t Know About Abbey Road
1
George Harrison was sitting in the garden of Eric Clapton’s country house when he began writing “Here Comes The Sun.”
2
All four Beatles were together in the recording studio for the last time on August 20, 1969, when they finalized a mix of Abbey Road.
3
According to George Harrison, the guitar parts on “Sun King” were inspired by the sound of Fleetwood Mac’s big hit single, “Albatross.”
4
The word “pataphysical,” as heard in “Maxwell’s Silver Hammer,” came from the French avant-garde writer Alfred Jarry, who died in 1907. Paul became interested in his writing and discovered “pataphysics” (defined by Jarry as the “science of imaginary solutions”) in one of the writer’s later works.
5
“Come Together” was banned by the BBC in 1969 because it mentions Coca-Cola and the company had a policy against product placement in songs broadcast on the radio.
6
“Octopus’s Garden,” written by Ringo Starr, was inspired while he was on board Peter Sellers’ yacht in the Mediterranean. The boat’s captain told Ringo how octopuses gather stones and shiny objects from the sea bed to build gardens.
7
According to John Lennon, he asked Yoko Ono to play the chords to Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” backward to create “Because.” This is not entirely accurate, but it is very close to the overall sound of The Beatles’ song.
8
As Ringo explained, the idea of the Side Two medley was born out of necessity: “John and Paul had various bits, and so we recorded them and put them together. A lot of work went into it. That last section is, for me, one of the finest pieces we put together.” Paul embraced the idea enthusiastically. “It gave the second side a sort of operatic structure, which was quite nice because it got rid of all these songs in a good way.”
9
“She Came In Through the Bathroom Window” was inspired by an incident when one of the Apple Scruffs (the girls who hung about outside The Beatles’ office) climbed in to McCartney’s house via the bathroom window. She then let in some of the other girls, who stole photos and clothes.
10
Some of the lyrics for “Golden Slumbers” are based on “Cradle Song,” a poem and lullaby from Thomas Dekker’s 1603 comedy, Patient Grissel. McCartney saw the sheet music, left by his stepsister Ruth, on the piano at his father’s home in Liverpool”.
The cover of Abbey Road was shot by the late Iain Macmillan. Let’s get a little background of the Abbey Road shoot. In 2019, marking fifty years since that unforgettable image was taken, Abbey Road provided some history. If I could travel back in time and space, I think the place I would be is outside the studios when The Beatles were preparing to go over the zebra crossing. In the process, creating a slice of music history:
“A brief history:
All four Beatles gathered at EMI Studios on the morning of Friday 8 August 1969 for one of the most famous photo shoots of their career. Photographer Iain Macmillan took the iconic image that adorned their last-recorded album, Abbey Road. Iain Macmillan was a freelance photographer and a friend to John Lennon and Yoko Ono.
A policeman held up the traffic as Macmillan, from a stepladder positioned in the middle of the road, took six shots as the group walked across the zebra crossing just outside the studio.
The original idea:
The original working title for Abbey Road was Everest, and the legendary cover was never in the plan at all. Engineer Geoff Emerick was smoking Everest cigarettes in the studio, and the band eventually took a liking to the stark image of their silhouettes against a white mountain. Everest became the working title of their then-unnamed eleventh album.
However, the Everest plan didn't last. Once the group decided that Nepal was out of the question, Paul McCartney then came up with the idea to take a photograph outside of EMI Studios on a break from recording. Pictured below is an original sketch from Paul depicting his ideas for what he wanted the album cover to resemble, to which Iain Macmillan added a more detailed illustration in the top right.
Shortly after the shoot, McCartney studied the transparencies and chose the only one where all four Beatles were walking in time. It also satisfied The Beatles' desire for the world to see them walking away from the studios they had spent so much of the last seven years inside.
I am going to end with The Guardian and their 1989 interview with the man who took the Abbey Road cover. He died in 2006 at the age of sixty-seven. Though he has a broad and wide portfolio, he must surely have placed his work with The Beatles in 1969 at the top. When I think of what the perfect album cover is, Abbey Road leaps to mind:
“It was 20 years ago yesterday that photographer Iain Macmillan climbed up a ladder set in the middle of Abbey Road and changed the face of a north-west London street for decades to come. On August 8, 1969, from a perch about 10 feet above the road, Macmillan snapped six shots of the Beatles as they traversed the zebra crossing near the EMI Studios where the group did their recordings. One of the six shots became famous as the cover of the Beatles ' Abbey Road LP.
There were certainly more momentous events that summer - the moon walk, the Manson murders, the entry of British troops into Northern Ireland. But somehow, the image Macmillan captured that sunny August morning has survived. To this day, the image of the Beatles walking in step across Abbey Road remains one of popular music's best known and most widely imitated photographs.
Perhaps a bit too widely imitated. Arne, a Swedish newspaperman on holiday in London, is gesturing his four companions into position, squinting into his camera as he back-pedals into the busy intersection of Abbey Road and Grove End Road. Arne is so intent on getting his four friends into proper Beatle formation that he fails to notice more important things, such as the motorcycle coming up fast behind him. A squeal of rubber, a bleat of the horn, and Arne narrowly avoids giving his life for his favourite group.
The scene has been repeated nearly every day for the past 20 years: a Beatle fan makes the pilgrimage to the zebra crossing and nearly gets snuffed trying to re-enact the Abbey Road album cover. It could be worse, of course. Think of the carnage if they had named their album Oxford Street or M4. But what most Abbey Road pilgrims don't realise is that the Beatles had the traffic problem all figured out when they did their photo session.
'I remember we hired a policeman to hold up traffic while I was up on the ladder taking the pictures,' recalls Macmillan, who is still a photographer, currently working on a project in Scotland. 'The whole idea, I must say, was Paul McCartney's. A few days before the shoot, he drew a sketch of how he imagined the cover, which we executed almost exactly that day.
'I took a couple of shots of the Beatles crossing Abbey Road one way. We let some of the traffic go by and then they walked across the road the other way, and I took a few more shots. The one eventually chosen for the cover was number five of six. It was the only one that had their legs in a perfect 'V' formation, which is what I wanted stylistically.'
Almost everything captured in Macmillan's shutter that day was transformed into an icon, something larger than life. The Volkswagen in the background of the photo, for instance, became famous largely because its number plate, LMW 281F, was widely regarded as a 'clue' in the strange 'Paul is dead' rumour making the rounds at the time. (The plate was taken to read as '28 IF,' a clue that McCartney would have been 28 IF he had lived. The fact that McCartney was 27 when Abbey Road was released barely dented the rumour.)
Years later, Paul isn't dead and John is, but the Beatle Beetle in the Abbey Road photograph still holds a place in some fans' hearts. The 1968 Volkswagen was sold at a Sotheby's auction three years ago to an American collector for £2,530. They say it even runs.
Similarly, the street signs on Abbey Road have long been a target for relic hunters. Dozens of signs have been nicked over the years, to the point where the signs are only sporadically replaced. The street sign closest to the famous zebra crossing has been missing for some time now, the empty iron frame standing as a mute testament to Fab Four fanaticism.
Across the road, a squat, securely bolted 'Abbey Road NW8' street sign sports graffiti from dozens of Beatle pilgrims: Long live the Beatles. John, Paul, George and Ringo will never be forgotten. Yeah! Yeah! Yeah! Luis et Nathan, Paris, Janvier '89. They came, they saw, they walked across the road and had their picture taken.
'That photo's been called an icon of the 1960s,' says Macmillan. 'I suppose it is. I think the reason it became so popular is its simplicity. It's a very simple, stylised shot. Also it's a shot people can relate to. It's a place where people can still walk.' And walk they do. It was only 10 minutes out of the Beatles ' and Iain Macmillan's lives, but it's become the world's longest photo session, 20 years running, and still going strong.
Charlotte, a 15-year-old Beatle fan from Denmark, is the latest pilgrim to stand at the zebra crossing and ponder its significance. 'It's just like I imagined it,' she says, tossing her head back in delighted wonder. Then, donning her John Lennon sunglasses, she has her picture taken walking across Abbey Road, her legs, for an instant, making that perfect inverted 'V'”.
Even though the album itself turns fifty-seven on 26th September, the cover obviously has already celebrated that anniversary. Though I did want to discuss it, as I think that The Beatles went out on a high. A perfect cover and a faultless album, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison in that hallowed studio space for the final time. I absolutely love the Abbey Road cover and think that it is the most striking and unsurpassable shot…
IN music history.
