FEATURE:
Do We Recognise the Work and Brilliance of Female Composers?
IN THIS PHOTO: Violinist Esther Abrami released her album, Women, in April. Women is a tribute to female composers, featuring fourteen women from the 19th century to the present day, including newly composed works and rediscovered pieces. The idea behind the album is to bring attention to historically overlooked artists, often in new arrangements, and tell their stories through music
The Ongoing Sexism and Discrimination That Needs to End
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I have been thinking about this…
IN THIS PHOTO: Hannah Peel
for a while now. I have written about female composers. By this, I do not mean women who write the music and are in Pop, for instance. I mean more Classical. What we would see as compositions rather than tracks. Maybe not exclusive to Classical, one of my favourite composers of modern times is the brilliant Hannah Peel. At the end of last month, Peel was part of a very special event marking eighty years of Jodrell Bank.
“Jodrell Bank hosts an intimate evening of conversation, music and astronomy this October.
Taking place on Thu 30 Oct, award-winning composer, producer and broadcaster Hannah Peel will be joined by Professor Tim O’Brien, Associate Director of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, in a discussion chaired by Professor Terasa Anderson, MBE.
The unique event will feature the world premiere of Hannah’s brand-new composition for the BBC Philharmonic, a fascinating exploration of sounds foraged from around Jodrell Bank, created for BBC Radio 4’s upcoming celebration of the iconic Observatory’s 80th anniversary.
Throughout the evening, Hannah, who has been nominated for an Emmy, Mercury Prize and Ivor Novello, and Tim, co-founder of Bluedot Festival, will delve into the sonification of scientific data, Hannah’s creative process and relationship with Jodrell Bank, and the powerful intersection of space and storytelling.
The event also marks the rerelease of Hannah’s critically acclaimed album, Mary Casio: Journey to Cassiopea, which is described as a 7-minute odyssey that charts one person’s journey into outer space”.
Mary Casio: Journey to Cassiopeia was originally released in 2017 but has been reissued. You can find out more here. Hannah Peel is an incredible composer and talent who I have been following for years now. I do think that we do not really explore brilliant women. Especially when it comes to composers. The same could be said of artists too. However, this Substack article is quite eye-opening. A conversation with Katherine Needleman, the Principal Oboe at The Baltimore Symphony, these statistics are alarming:
“Well, I’m going to start interviewing people. Probably once a month. (If you have any interview requests- let me know).
As you’ll hear, Katherine has faced more than her fair share of sexism in the classical music world personally, but let’s start off with some collective stats:
Women represent 47% of orchestra musicians overall, and yet 83.2% of principal chairs are held by men, less than 17% by women.
Over half of women musicians report facing gender discrimination in the industry.
32% of women musicians report being sexually harassed while working as a musician.
Across 111 orchestras, only 7.7% of schedule works were composed by women.
Only about 1 in 9 music directors are women, but amongst more prestigious orchestras, the ratio falls to 1 in 18”.
There is a particular article that struck me that I found recently I will come to. This article has the header: “As a new report shines a spotlight on gender equality at the BBC Proms, ISM Chief Executive Deborah Annetts asks why women composers are still given so little time in concert programmes”:
“The Independent Society of Musicians (ISM) is pleased to support the Donne Foundation’s important new report into equality and diversity at the BBC Proms through the lens of the programming of the 2024 Proms season. So, against this background how is the BBC is doing?
Donne’s report shows that there has been no meaningful change since the ISM analysed the Proms’ 2023 season. We found that in 2023 15% of works performed were written by women, while just 7% of the total performance time of works were by women. Donne’s report shows that in 2024 the total performance time of works written by women rose slightly to 8.6%, but that only 13.6% of works performed were by women. Going back further, when composer Joanna Ward analysed Proms programmes from 2013-2018 the average duration of a woman’s piece was 12 minutes, compared to 25 minutes for those by men.
Why is it that women composers are not taking up more space at the Proms? Taking a step back, it’s clear this problem is not limited to classical music. In 2024 63% of acts booked at UK music festivals were either male or all-male groups and there are four men signed to UK record labels for every one woman. Men also hold much of the decision making power, with the majority of senior roles in music filled by men. This wide-ranging gender inequality is summarised in the latest report from the Women and Equalities Committee, Misogyny in music: on repeat, published on 4 June 2025, which concludes: ‘Misogyny remains deeply rooted in the music industry.’
It’s unsurprising, then, to find similar culture issues at play in the classical canon. As a predominantly classical music festival, the Proms draws on a canon of works written for centuries almost exclusively by white men. While individual works have gained and lost canonic status over time, the idea of ‘the canon’ is still a significant influence on programming.
Academics such as Marcia Citron have questioned why women have been so marginal to the formation of the canon. But what was made by humans can be changed by humans. Indeed, the BBC has committed to gender equality in its Proms commissioning and has exceeded its 2022 target of commissioning half of all new works from women. Yet gender balance is not just about the number of women who are represented at the Proms. As Donne’s report reveals, there is still a striking inequality of stage time. In 2024, although 47% of the Proms featured a work by a woman, it was usually a single short piece”.
PHOTO CREDIT: cottonbro studio/Pexels
There is widespread discrimination and sexism, especially in Classical music. Whereas female composers who are more experimental or bring in Electronica might be able to get more opportunity and focus because of its proximity to more gender-balanced and less sexist genres, there is no arguing the fact that there are so many brilliant female composers and players that are not being given opportunities and exposure. This article from last year documented research that showed how women are denied festival spots and opportunities in recording because of sexism and misogyny in Classical:
“A discordant chord over sexism in the classical music world has sounded again. The head of one of the most prestigious competitions is calling for the industry to confront an apparent bias that is holding back female pianists from pursuing concert careers, however brilliant their talent.
Fiona Sinclair, chief executive of the Leeds International Piano Competition, told the Observer that female pianists are failing to reach the top of their profession despite an equal number of men and women now training at conservatoires.
She said: “Fewer than 23% of career pianists are women, yet in the conservatoires it’s roughly 50:50. As they leave college, the men soar while the women are not getting opportunities. The more we get into actual statistics, it’s clear that something’s broken. The problem persists at the top piano level – festivals, recordings, venues – with men generally dominating everything.”
I’ve heard it said that women are not as good at music as men, they don’t practise, they can’t play big heavyweight concertos
Vick Bain, former Independent Society of Musicians president
The 2024 Leeds competition has introduced new measures, including “blind” pre-selection rounds to disguise genders and “unconscious bias training” for the jurors, who will not have a musician’s name, nationality, age or conservatoire until an advanced round.
Sinclair said they needed to take action as “only 18% of the most recent top 40 international piano competitions have been won by women”.
Those are just a couple of examples from recent times where sexism and discrimination is laid out. If modern composers like Jessie Montgomery, Jennifer Higdon, Unsuk Chin, and Julia Wolfe are being recognised or are winning awards, there is not enough being done, firstly to ensure that women feel safe and respected. It is not only discrimination and decades (or centuries) of sexism. There is also sexual abuse running rife. Canadian violinist Lara St. John is a survivor of sexual abuse and is calling for change. Perhaps part of a different but no less urgent and important conversation, it is heartbreaking that it is so much harder for women to shine and be recognised as composers. If they step into Classical, then there are these barriers and huge problems. I am casting my mind to an article published in April by NRP. It concerns violinist Esther Abrami, who realised the hundreds of pieces she has played and been brought up on were by men. She uncovered hidden treasures from amazing, undiscovered and ignored women. Is this a position we are going to be in a decade or two from now?! The combination of great women not being fully recognised and having their work hailed and sexism and discrimination making gender bias and imbalance a toxic hurdle, you wonder if things can ever change:
“The first time Esther Abrami saw a violin, she was just 3 years old. Little did she know at the time, it would be the start of a lifelong love affair.
The instrument belonged to Abrami's late grandmother, Françoise.
"She gave up the violin when she got married," said Abrami, now a rising violinist who's toured across Europe and China. "I kind of took where she left and kept going."
Abrami translates that tale of inspiration in "Transmission," her first recorded composition, as part of a new album out last Friday. The soaring melody has a cinematic feel, breaking into arpeggiated chords accompanied by the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra.
"It's a composition that I feel very emotional playing, and recording it also felt very special," Abrami told NPR's Michel Martin.
The album Women features the world-premiere studio recording of Irish composer Ina Boyle's Violin Concerto (1935), which evokes bucolic scenes with the feel of a tone poem.
Boyle has largely been forgotten, something she shares with several of the 14 composers and songwriters on the album, including Brazil's Chiquinha Gonzaga (1847-1935) and Venezuela's Teresa Carreño (1853-1917).
And so it is rather apropos that the orchestral works on the album are conducted by Irene Delgado-Jiménez, who recently completed a two-year fellowship in the conducting incubator led by Marin Alsop, the first woman to lead a major American orchestra.
Among the living composers on the album are Oscar winners Rachel Portman and Anne Dudley — who are both British — Miley Cyrus via an arrangement of "Flowers" and Yoko Shimomura with her "Valse di Fantastica," a theme from the video game Final Fantasy XV.
After completing her studies when she was 25, Abrami realized "in all those years, I'd learned hundreds of pieces, but not a single one of them had been written by a woman," said Abrami, now 28. "And then I started kind of doing my own journey and my own research, and it was like opening the door of a hidden treasure."
Boyle's teacher Ralph Vaughan Williams, one of the most celebrated British composers of the early 20th century, reportedly told her: "I think it is most courageous of you to go on with so little recognition. The only thing to say is that it sometimes does come finally."
And that, perhaps, is the whole point of Abrami's latest recording endeavor.
"Hopefully, in 10 years, it won't be needed to have an album titled Women," she said. "But for now, we still have to do so much, to push so much to be able to even come to something that is close to being equal in terms of, for example, performing works by women. And we are so, so, so far off still."
Last year, the Donne Foundation, which keeps track of women in classical music, found the number of works by female composers being performed by global orchestras had slightly dropped in the previous season, to just 7.5% of the repertoire.
Abrami said part of why she's active on social media is to try to change those numbers and inspire young aspiring musicians. "I see the impact that has on little girls... Little girls who came to my concerts and said that my social media and my videos on YouTube have inspired them to start on the violin, now they are coming to me saying, 'I played a piece composed by a woman, I asked my teacher to to play a piece composed by woman”.
I started off by discussing Hannah Peel and my admiration for her work. Go and check her music out on Bandcamp. In terms of addressing ongoing discrimination, sexism and abuse, it is women within the industry exposing the truthy and calling for change, rather than those in power and their male peers. Also, when it comes to female composers past and present who should be heard and are not being given their dues, how does this shift?! Maybe a book written about it and documentaries. Incredible women like Rebecca Clarke are finally getting their dues. In terms of generations and age, I imagine there are a wave of brilliant women in their twenties, thirties and forties, who are composing incredible music. Whether for stage or screen or as part ofg an orchestra. They might be artists composing conceptual pieces and making their own albums. There is rarely any talk about them or that much outrage regarding the reasons why. A combination of Classical and other areas of the industry not willing to progress, and this wider practise of sexism. As recent reports outline, women are facing pay and gender discrimination. Women in CTRL, a movement working towards an industry where ‘talent transcends gender’, supports The Women Musicians Insight Report. Those words by Esther Abrami strike a chord. How she was immersed in work by male composers and had to go on this quest to unearth these hidden gems by women. Today, I do wonder how much incredible work we are discarding or not bringing to light because they are by women. Whether carrier barriers and gender discrimination will ever be erased. Their voices and phenomenal talent should be allowed to be heard and flourish as it is…
SO vital and important.
